One thing that someone with multiple sclerosis (MS) will encounter are the many
times they will hear "you sure look good" or "you don't look sick." Unless there
are parts of you that physically are not functioning well, such as your walking
or tremors, your disease will probably go unnoticed. You may notice that when
someone finds out that you have MS, they may look at you as if there's nothing
wrong since you don't look "sick". What does "sick" look like? What does a
disability look like?
Many people tend to consider a disability a condition that you must look
disabled to be disabled. These preconceptions tend to go away once everything
about MS is explained and they begin to realize that what they see isn't the
disease but rather the person.
A person doesn't "look good" or "not look good" just because they may or may not
have MS. What makes a person "look good" comes from what's inside of them, such
as being happy, thoughtful, kind, giving, and so forth.
If there are physical signs of disability, often a bit of rehabilitation can
help you compensate for what has been lost. It needs to be understood that
rehabilitation probably can't bring back what MS has taken away from you, but it
can teach you new ways of doing life's little tasks.
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When issues begin to arise regarding parts of your body not working as they are
intended to, then you need to look into fixing the problem. When basic exercise
is not the answer, then a specific type of therapy or rehabilitation may be the
answer. With so many issues that can arise with MS, there is probably a therapy
that is specific to your needs. The main goal here is to regain or maintain what
has been lost due to the loss of myelin.
Comprehensive multidisciplinary rehabilitation and specific treatment options
are both usually necessary. Even though rehabilitation has no direct influence
on disease progression, studies to date have shown that this type of
intervention improves personal activities and ability to participate in social
activities, thereby improving quality of life. Treatment strictly by medication
is typically not the answer.
Physical Therapy (PT)
A physical therapist will be able to target issues of your body's ability to
move and function. Whether it happens to be difficulty walking, standing,
holding, general stiffness, or a number of other issues, a good physical
therapist can get you "back on your feet" and hopefully allow you to regain some
physical control of your body. As the old saying goes, "use it or loose it"
still applies here. If you don't stay as active as you can, you will begin to
loose addition function, not because of MS but rather from complacency. You will
also find that you may not be able to regain all of a lost function, but
possibly enough to maintain your independence.
Problems with gait or difficulty in walking, are among the most common mobility
limitations in MS. Physical Therapy can be one of the best ways to overcome some
of what's become limited.
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Physical limitations related to:
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Weakness
Muscle weakness is a common cause of gait difficulty. Weakness can
cause problems such as toe drag, foot drop, vaulting, compensatory
hip hike, trunk lean, or circumduction. Weakness can often be
compensated for with the use of appropriate exercises and assistive
devices, including braces, canes or walkers.
Spasticity
Muscle tightness or spasticity can also interfere with gait.
Stretching exercises and antispasticity medications such as baclofen
or tizanidine are generally effective in treating this symptom.
Loss of Balance
Balance problems typically result in a swaying and “drunken” type of
gait known as ataxia. People with severe ataxia generally benefit
from the use of an assistive device.
Sensory Deficit
Some people with MS have such severe numbness in their feet that
they cannot feel the floor or know where their feet are. This is
referred to as a sensory ataxia.
Fatigue
Many people will experience increased gait problems when fatigue
increases.
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Speech and Swallowing Problems
A speech and language pathologist can work with you on problems regarding speech
and/or swallowing. Speech can easily be lost or garbled when facial muscles are
affected, whether on one or both sides of the face. Swallowing can become more
difficult when the muscles around the throat are affected, causing possible
gagging or choking which can become a safety concern. Through proper work, it's
possible to regain some lost muscle control or compensate with other facial or
throat muscles that are not affected.
Occupational Therapy (OT)
Occupational Therapy can work with you in those areas that affect your safety in
personal care and at work. They can assist at home and at work so that either is
more accessible and easier to work at. They can also provide tools to aid or
assist you with various tasks.
Cognitive Therapy
Most of the therapists and pathologists listed here can also work with you in
any difficulties in thinking, reasoning, concentration, and memory. Some of
these issues can also be caused by medications taken to treat other symptoms,
and this must also be explored. Just know that if you have always had a
difficult time remembering where you put the car keys, MS is probably not a
fault for that. You can blame any other issues on something else like age or a
spouse.
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